1. Visual Acuity Test: You'll be asked to read letters on an eye chart (like the Snellen chart) at different distances to assess your sharpness of vision. 

2. Tonometry: This test measures the pressure inside your eye, which is important for detecting glaucoma. A puff of air may be used, or a device may gently touch the eye. 

3. Refraction Test: If the visual acuity test indicates a need for corrective lenses, this test will determine the exact prescription for glasses or contacts. 

4. Eye Muscle Examination: The doctor will assess how well your eyes move and work together by having you follow a light or object with your eyes.

5. Medical History Review: The eye doctor will ask about your general health, any medications you're taking, and any family history of eye conditions. They will also inquire about your vision concerns and lifestyle. 

6. Pupil Dilation: Eye drops may be used to dilate your pupils, allowing the doctor to see the back of your eye (retina) more clearly. This can cause temporary blurry vision and light sensitivity. 

7. Slit-Lamp Examination: A microscope with a bright light (slit lamp) is used to examine the front part of your eye, including the eyelids, cornea, iris, and lens. 

8. Retinal Examination: The doctor will examine the back of your eye (retina and optic nerve) using an ophthalmoscope or special lens. 

9. Other potential tests: Depending on your individual needs, your doctor may also perform tests like A.Color vision test, 

B. Automated perimetry- a visual field test to assess peripheral vision,

C. OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) - imaging of Retina, Optical Nerve, Cornea etc. 

D. Topography of cornea – mapping and measurement test of cornea.

E. Keratometry – measurement of cornea.

• It allows us to obtain the most accurate amount of Refractive Error and to determine if glasses are necessary

• Also allows us to view the internal structures of the eye and overall eye health.

• For children, a special dilating drop is used in the clinic that will cause an enlarged pupil, light sensitivity and blurred vision when focusing at a close range. This normally will last approximately 6 to 8 hours. 

• For adults, a different dilating drop is used that will cause the same effects but should last approximately 2 to 4 hours. Caution should be taken with driving. We recommend avoiding driving or operating dangerous machinery immediately afterwards. We recommend that someone accompany you to drive you home if you feel uncomfortable doing so.

• Healthy adults: every one to two years. 

• Children: yearly, especially during their educational period. 

• People with diabetes, hypertension, or family history of glaucoma: yearly. 

• People with contact lenses: every 6 months. 

• Senior citizen: every one year. 

• Current glasses and/or contact lenses. 

• List of medications (including over-the-counter medications). 

• Information about any eye conditions or family history of eye problems.

Ideal age to have the first dilated eye exam is between 3 to 4 years of age (preschool eye check-up).

Most common eye problem seen in children is the need for glasses

Most children tend to adapt to blurred vision by

• Ignoring near work (Reading and Writing)

• Squeezing their eyes to see object clearly

• Rubbing their eyes

Detected mostly by teachers in school, a yearly exam is a must in school going kids. Just as a child’s body grows rapidly, so does the shape of the eye.

1. Term “lazy eye” is generic term most often used to cover a number of different conditions

2. Crossed eyes (strabismus)

3. Poor vision (amblyopia)

4. Droopy eyelid (ptosis)

• Wear sunglasses to protect against UV rays. 

• Take breaks from screens (20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds). 

• Maintain a healthy lifestyle (diet, exercise, etc.)

A. Blurriness that doesn’t clear with rest or new glasses

B. Sudden flashes or floaters in your field of vision

C. Persistent eye pain or redness

D. Difficulty adapting to low light or glare

a. Children’s eyes develop rapidly. Left unchecked, mild issues such as amblyopia (lazy eye) or astigmatism can hinder learning. 

b. Watch for Signs: Squinting, covering one eye, holding books too close, or frequent headaches.

c. Limit Screen Time: Aim for no more than 1–2 hours of recreational screens per day and enforce the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look 20 feet away for 20 seconds.

d. Encourage Outdoor Play: At least 1–2 hours daily outdoors reduces the risk of myopia (near-sightedness) development.

e. Balanced Diet: Bright fruits and veggies—carrots, sweet potatoes, oranges—pack vitamins A and C to nourish eyes.

f. Teens juggle screens for school, gaming, and social media—often without blinking. To keep their vision sharp:

• 20-20-20 Breaks: Set phone reminders.

• Blue-Light Protection: Blue-light-filter lenses or screen settings help reduce fatigue.

• Proper Workspace: Ensure screens sit an arm’s length away, eye-level or slightly below.

• Sports Safety: Wear polycarbonate sports goggles for soccer, basketball, or hockey.

a. Ergonomic Setup: Monitor at eye level, adjustable chair, and soft overhead lighting.

b .Frequent Blinks: Consciously blink or use preservative-free artificial tears to combat dry-eye syndrome.

c. UV Protection: Quality sunglasses that block 100% of UVA/UVB rays guard against eye irritation

d .Nutrition for Vision: Olive oil, almonds, and leafy greens deliver omega-3s and lutein for retinal health.

a. As we approach mid-life, the risk of presbyopia, glaucoma, and macular degeneration rises

b. Annual Screenings: Pressure checks for glaucoma, retinal imaging for macular health.

c. Reading Glasses vs. Progressives: Ease the shift from distance to near without neck strain.

d. Lifestyle Tweaks: Quit smoking, manage blood pressure, and control blood sugar to reduce AMD and diabetic retinopathy risk.

E .Home Safety: Bright, even lighting in hallways; remove tripping hazards to prevent falls due to poor vision.

a. Sunlight and screens both take a toll

b. Sunglasses Every Day: Cloudy or sunny, UV rays reflect off snow, water, and pavement. Choose wraparound styles for extra coverage.

c. Blue-Light Filters: Clip-on or built-in options shield you during evening device use, reducing sleep-disrupting glare.

a. What goes on your plate shows up in your eyes

b. Vibrant Veggies: Spinach, kale, and bell peppers for lutein and zeaxanthin, antioxidants that protect the macula.

c. Healthy Fats: Chia seeds, walnuts and some fish oil support tear quality and reduce dry-eye symptoms.

1.From lab goggles to power-tool shields, safety gear isn’t optional for many jobs.

2.Safety goggles or face shields when hammering, sawing, or using chemicals.

3.Office Ergonomics: Anti-glare screen protectors, adjustable monitor arms, and footrests ease eye and body strain.

4.Making protection a habit prevents painful trips to the emergency room.

Coordinate appointments for kids, parents, and grandparents back-to-back at regular interval.

Weekly Screen-Time Check: Family device-free hour after dinner—cards, walks, or chats.

Sun & Safety Sundays: Inspect everyone’s sunglasses and sports goggles before weekend outings.